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Installing Arch Linux - Minimalist Version
This is a step by step version to install ArchLinux.
First, What is ArchLinux?
The concept of "The Arch Way" . . Simplicity, Code-Correctness over Convenience, User Centric, Openess and Freedom.
Quote - 'Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.'
ArchLinux gives you the freedom to do anything, whatever you want, supported by a huge Wiki.
But the distro is for the intermediate linux users who have some experience in using a linux distro and know how to operate on a non-GUI operating system and build a file from source.
Now, without any time wastage, the process of installing a minimalist version of ArchLinux
- Get the latest image of ArchLinux from its page ArchLinux Download.
- Boot it into the system or the virtual machine, whichever you like.
- Select 'Boot Arch Linux (x86_x64)'
- Its is recommended to have an internet connection and to test the connection use 'ping command'.
- Using fdisk -l command, prepare the hard drives for the installation.
- Using cfdisk command, enter the preparation menu and make a root partition (/dev/sda1) as primary, swap partition (/dev/sda2) as primary, and home partition (/dev/sda5) as logical.
- Save the configuration and exit it. You can use fdisk -l command to get the view of the hard drives now.
- Use mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 and mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda5 to create the disk file system.
- To initialise SWAP use mkswap /dev/sda2 and the swapon /dev/sda2 commands.
- Run lsblk command to check evrything is right or not.
- Then comes, installing the Arch Base system. Use the following commands:
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/home
mount /dev/sda5 /mnt/home - Initialise the package manager list by nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist command. And press Enter(default)
- To boot from partitions we use genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab command.
- Now comes the system configuration, Configure the chroot by arch-chroot /mnt and set language by editing locale.gen file by nano /etc/locale.gen
- Exit it and type
locale-gen
echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 - Enter the location as ln-s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Kolkata /etc/locatime (List can be seen on ls /usr/share/zoneinfo)
- Configure hardware clock by hwclock --systohc -utc
- Uncomment [multilib] from pacman.conf file by nano /etc/pacman.conf
- Synchronise and update database using pacman -Syu
- Change the password using passwd command.
- Add new user in the system using useradd -mg users -G wheel,storage,power -s /bin/bash your_new_user
- Change its password using passwd command.
- Install sudo package bu pacman -S sudo
- Edit /etc/sudoers file using nano and uncomment “%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
- Last step is to install the bootloader:
pacman -S grub
grub-install /dev/sda
pacman -S os-prober
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg - Congratulations, ArchLinux is installed with minimalist base.
Now exit the chroot environment by
exit
exit
umount /mnt/home
umount /mnt
reboot
You can also add adesktop environment to ArchLinux to make it a GUI based OS, which will be covered in later tutorials.
How to find and return a Maximum occurring Character in a Input String.
/***Write an efficient C function to return maximum occurring character in the input string e.g., if input string is “test string” then function should return ‘t’.
Input string = “test”
1: Construct character count array from the input string.
count['e'] = 1
count['s'] = 1
count['t'] = 2
2: Return the index of maximum value in count array (returns ‘t’).
****/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define NO_OF_CHARS 256
int *getCharCountArray(char *);
char getIndexOfMax(int *, int);
/* Returns the maximum occurring character in
the input string */
char getMaxOccuringChar(char *str)
{
int *count = getCharCountArray(str);
return getIndexOfMax(count, NO_OF_CHARS);
}
/* Returns an array of size 256 containg count
of characters in the passed char array */
int *getCharCountArray(char *str)
{
int *count = (int *)calloc(NO_OF_CHARS, sizeof(int));
int i;
for (i = 0; *(str+i); i++)
count[*(str+i)]++;
return count;
}
char getIndexOfMax(int ar[], int ar_size)
{
int i;
int max_index = 0;
for(i = 1; i < ar_size; i++)
if(ar[i] > ar[max_index])
max_index = i;
/* free memory allocated to count */
free(ar);
ar = NULL;
return max_index;
}
int main()
{
char str[] = "sample string";
printf("%c", getMaxOccuringChar(str));
getchar();
return 0;
}
}
Hello World !
/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac HelloWorld.java * Execution: java HelloWorld * Traditionally First Program *************************************************************************/
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World !");
}
}
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